- For known actual value.
- Absolute error $=$ Actual value $-$ measured value
- Relative error $= \dfrac{\text{Absolute error}}{\text{Actual value}}$
- Percentage error $= \dfrac{\text{Absolute error}}{\text{Actual value}} \times 100 \%$
- For unknown actual value.
- Maximum absolute error $=\dfrac{1}{2} \times$ Degree of accuracy
- Maximum relative error $= \dfrac{\text{Maximum absolute error}}{\text{Measured value}}$
- Maximum percentage error $= \dfrac{\text{Maximum absolute error}}{\text{Measured value}} \times 100 \%$